Microbial Bioremediation of Heavy Metals From Textile Industry Dye Effluents using Isolated Bacterial Strains

The textile industry is one of the industries that generate a high volume of waste water. Approximately 10, 000 different dyes and pigments are manufactured worldwide with a total annual market of more than 7×10 metric tones per year (Ahluwalia and Goyal, 2007). In India textile is one of the oldest establishments with nearly 1569 large cotton textiles industries, which gives employment to nearly thirty million people (Garg et al., 2012). India is the second largest exporter of dyestuffs, where ~ 80,000 tons of dyes and pigments are produced annually (Saraswathi and Balakumar, 2012). There are over 100, 000 verities of dyes such as acidic, basic, reactive azo dyes etc available in the market (Daneshwar et al., 2007). The textile dye effluent consists of heavy metals such as Cadmium, Lead and Zinc either in free ionic metals or complex metals, (Hill et al., 1993). This textile dye effluents cause serious environmental problems by absorbing light in receiving water bodies like streams, rivers and lakes etc and ultimately interfering with aquatic biological processes (Moore and Ramamoorthy, 1984). The water ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 5 (2014) pp. 785-794 http://www.ijcmas.com